Yan, Zhi, Duckett, Tom and Bellotto, Nicola (2020) Online Learning for 3D LiDAR-based Human Detection: Experimental Analysis of Point Cloud Clustering and Classification Methods. Autonomous Robots, 44 (2). pp. 147-164. ISSN 0929-5593
Full content URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10514-019-09883-y
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Item Type: | Article |
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Item Status: | Live Archive |
Abstract
This paper presents a system for online learning of human classifiers by mobile service robots using 3D~LiDAR sensors, and its experimental evaluation in a large indoor public space. The learning framework requires a minimal set of labelled samples (e.g. one or several samples) to initialise a classifier. The classifier is then retrained iteratively during operation of the robot. New training samples are generated automatically using multi-target tracking and a pair of "experts" to estimate false negatives and false positives. Both classification and tracking utilise an efficient real-time clustering algorithm for segmentation of 3D point cloud data. We also introduce a new feature to improve human classification in sparse, long-range point clouds. We provide an extensive evaluation of our the framework using a 3D LiDAR dataset of people moving in a large indoor public space, which is made available to the research community. The experiments demonstrate the influence of the system components and improved classification of humans compared to the state-of-the-art.
Keywords: | Online learning, Human detection, Point cloud clustering, 3D LiDAR-based tracking, Dataset |
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Subjects: | H Engineering > H671 Robotics G Mathematical and Computer Sciences > G700 Artificial Intelligence G Mathematical and Computer Sciences > G760 Machine Learning |
Divisions: | College of Science > School of Computer Science |
ID Code: | 36535 |
Deposited On: | 26 Jul 2019 10:41 |
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