Abstract

Introduction – Pain is one of the most common symptoms presented by patients of all ages to ambulance services, however very few children receive analgesia. Analgesic treatment of pre-hospital injured children is viewed as ‘suboptimal’. The aim of this study was to explore current analgesia given to traumatically injured children in the pre-hospital setting and examine whether a clinically meaningful reduction in pain was achieved.

Methods – We evaluated electronic patient report forms over a two-year period (2013–2014) within a UK ambulance service NHS trust. All traumatically injured children within the age range 1–17 with a clinical impression of a fracture, dislocation, wound or burn were included. Patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale of < 15 were excluded. The outcome measure was a reduction in numeric pain rating scale or Wong and Baker faces of 2 or more out of 10.

Results – Of the evaluable patients (N = 11,317), 90.8% had a documented pain score, or a reason why a pain score could not be documented. For patients reporting pain (N = 7483), 51.6% (n = 3861) received analgesia, 9.6% (n = 717) received no analgesia but did receive alternative treatment and 38.8% (n = 2905) received no analgesia and no alternative treatment. Morphine sulphate IV, oral morphine, Entonox, paracetamol suspension and poly-analgesia all achieved a clinically meaningful median reduction in pain score; –3.0 (IQR, –5.0 to –2.0), –2.0 (–5.0 to –2.0), –2.0 (–4.0 to –1.0), –2.0 (–4.0 to 0.0) and –3.0 (–4.0 to –1.0), respectively.

Conclusions – Analgesia administered to traumatically injured children in the pre-hospital setting within this UK ambulance service NHS trust produces clinically meaningful reductions in pain for these patients. The concern is that a large number of patients received neither analgesia nor alternative treatment. There is a real need to identify barriers to analgesia administration in this patient group.