Abstract

Consistent with the public health approach to gambling, this report considers the evidence
and theory around the ‘agent’ component of the epidemiological triangle i.e., the gambling
product and its structural characteristics. By understanding product-based factors
stakeholders will be better equipped to evaluate the most effective and most efficient options
to minimise gambling-related harm. Structural characteristics are essentially the
basis for their differential appeal of gambling products depending on how they satisfy different needs for different
consumers. They combine with environmental and individual factors to determine both
positive and negative outcomes of gambling participation. Structural characteristics vary
considerably from game to game and evolve quickly in response to changes in technology; this
renders associated policy-making more challenging. The report is structured according to category of structural characteristic. Within each section we consider the theory and evidence concerning potential links between
characteristics and gambling problems, together with potential implications for specific public
health interventions that may be relevant for regulators and commercial gambling providers.